Objective (s): The Iranian population is rapidly aging, and a large volume of services are provided in comprehensive health service centers with the aim of reducing the costs and care burden of the elderly population, therefore, identifying the factors affecting the elderly's not visiting the health service centers is of great importance. This study was conducted to determine and compare the reasons for the elderly's not visiting the comprehensive health service centers from the perspective of elderly residents of Esfarayen. Methods: This investigation is a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. Its statistical population was all elderly residents of Esfarayen city. Initially, 290 elderly people who had not visited comprehensive health centers in the past two years were reviewed by census method. Then, they responded to demographic questionnaires concerning the reasons for the elderly’s not visiting comprehensive health centers, which were psychometrically tested by Masumi et al. (2022). The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistical tests, including mean, standard deviation, frequency, Spearman, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis in the SPSS-27 statistical software. The significance level in all tests was considered to be 0. 05. Results: In this study, 245 elderly people (59. 6% female, 40. 4% male) with a mean age of 72. 25±9. 37 years participated. According to the results, the most common reason for the elderly participants not to visit comprehensive health service centers was the inadequate physical conditions of comprehensive health service centers, and the least common reason was insufficient awareness and knowledge about the provision of health and medical services. Conclusion: To improve health services and increase older people's access to healthcare, service providers must pay close attention to existing barriers and seek comprehensive and effective solutions to address them. In this regard, paying attention to the opinions and needs of older people and their participation in the process of designing and implementing health services can lead to continuous and sustainable improvements in their access to health care.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate the level of structural safety and resistance of comprehensive health service centers, which provide critical services during earthquakes. For this purpose, a total of 30 comprehensive rural health centers and 14 comprehensive urban health centers in Babol city were examined. Methods: To assess the cultural safety and resilience of comprehensive health service centers in Babol city against earthquakes, we integrated two questionnaires, one from the research of Pourahmad et al. (2018) and the other from the Ministry of Health and Medicine, both of which have been confirmed for validity and reliability. Using these questionnaires, we obtained 9 structural safety indicators and applied this questionnaire to all 44 health units in the city. The data were analyzed using SPSS. 20 software. Additionally, we used the Vicor software to evaluate, score, and rank the physical resilience of comprehensive health service centers against earthquakes. Results: The total area of the evaluated structures in this research was 18, 340 m2, with construction dates ranging from 1968 to 2019. The physical resilience of all comprehensive health service centers in Babol city in 2021 was the following results: 18. 2% were categorized as favorable, 18. 2% as relatively favorable, 15. 9% as average, 20. 5% as relatively unfavorable, and 27. 3% as unfavorable. Conclusion: In the face of disasters and earthquakes, the health and safety of society depend on the infrastructure and resilience of critical service centers, such as comprehensive health service centers. Upgrading the infrastructure of these centers is crucial to ensure their resilience and protect the health and safety of society. The investigation of comprehensive health service centers in Babol city reveals that more than half of the structures are over 30 years old and lack sufficient resilience against natural disasters. Therefore, investments are needed to improve the physical resilience of these centers. Strategies such as structural reinforcement, regular maintenance, and the implementation of safety standards can enhance their resilience and help them better cope with earthquakes.

Population aging, which has happened in Iran, is the result of increased life expectancy and decreased mortality, as well as improved healthcare, which is a sign of an advanced health system that our healthcare system can be proud of. However, this phenomenon entails specific health requirements, if we are not well prepared for it, the peculiar and chronic old-age diseases will impose huge expenses. Statistics indicate that Iran will encounter a crisis of population aging in the next thirty years due to the increased age of its population. Indeed, over one-third of its population will be elderly by 2050 ...

Background and Objective: Maternal health literacy is a cognitive and social skill that demonstrates women’, s motivation and ability to properly access, understand, and use the information to maintain the health of themselves and their children. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between health literacy and pregnancy consequences in women referring to comprehensive health service centers in Dezful. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical) was performed in 2020 on 220 pregnant women referring to comprehensive health service centers in Dezful for routine pregnancy care. Subjects were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. Data collection tools were Maternal Health Literacy and Pregnancy Consequences Questionnaire (MHLAPQ). Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (version 16). Results: There was a positive and signifi, cant relationship between the average score of health literacy and the mean score of pregnancy consequences including the higher level of health literacy, the lower level of the pregnancy consequences (P <0. 0001, r = 0. 695), and there was a positive and signifi, cant relationship between the mean average of health literacy and the average score of birth weight (<0. 002). Conclusion: The results obtained in the study demonstrated that there was a signifi, cant relationship between maternal health literacy and prenatal care, pregnancy consequences, and birth weight, which indicates the need to pay more attention to education and increase maternal health literacy in health promotion programs.

ntroduction Community health volunteers link people and health workers and they voluntarily contribute to community health. Given the importance of the engagement of volunteers in promoting health programs and improving the quality of care provided, this study aimed to explore the experience and perceptions of community health volunteers of comprehensive health service centers in the western regions of Ahvaz to identify the most critical factors motivating their participation in health programs. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in 2017 on community health volunteers in comprehensive health service centers in western Ahvaz. The data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted face-to-face with 35 community health volunteers. The conventional qualitative content analysis approach was used to analyze the collected data. Results Data analysis revealed 302 primary codes, 27 subthemes, and ten main themes. The ten main themes extracted in this study, including the physical context, organizational context, social context, climatic context, cultural context, increasing health knowledge, material factors, psychological factors, social factors, and spiritual factors, constituted the factors affecting the community health volunteers’ motivation to participate in health programs. Conclusion Community health volunteers’ motivation to participate in health programs is influenced by factors such as physical context, organizational context, social context, climatic context, cultural context, increasing health knowledge, material factors, psychological factors, social factors, and spiritual factors. Thus, failure to pay attention to these factors will reduce the community health volunteers’ incentives to promote health programs, decrease volunteers’ cooperation with centers, reduce the quality of care provided, and ultimately waste the funds spent on volunteers’ training and preparation.

2Background and Aim:  Women referring to health centers are one of the most important groups at risk of disease. Thus, in order to enjoy a high level of health, it is necessary for them to have health literacy. The purpose of this research was to find the demographic predictors of health literacy in women referring to comprehensive health service centers in Zahedan, Iran. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study including 400 women selected by random cluster sampling from health centers under coverage of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2022. The short form of the HELIA standard questionnaire was used to measure health literacy of the women. Data were analyzed using SPSS-22 software, the statistical tests being ANOVA, Kendall's correlation, and multiple regression. Results: The subjects were between 18 and 60 years old. They were found to have obtained most of the information related to health and disease by asking doctors and healthcare workers (about 52.25%). The scores of the components of the subjects’ health literacy were as follows: average health literacy 69.91±23.34, reading 72.17±29.80, access 34.73±27.91, understanding 71.41±29.43, assessment 62.10±25.51, and the scope of decision-making and behavior 71.49±20.27. The strongest predictor of health literacy was found to be education, such that with an increase in the level of education, the health literacy of a woman would increase by 0.53 units. In addition, education variables, income level, age and ethnicity would predict 55% of the health literacy of the women. Conclusion: This study shows that the health literacy score is related to age, education level, marital status, occupation, economic status and ethnicity, the strongest predictor of health literacy being the a high level of education. Therefore, considering the available evidence on the importance of health literacy and factors related to it and the low level of health literacy of women in this study, it is clear that women need to acquire, process and understand the basic information on health and therapeutic services in order to be able to make appropriate decisions. Briefly, women need to receive simple and understandable information and have more time to communicate with the health service personnel to understand health information.

Background and Objectives: Management is the core of any organization. To select competent managers for organizations, the identification of the indicators of competence are needed. This study aims to identify the components of competency for the managers of comprehensive health service centers in Qom, Iran. Methods: In this qualitative-quantitative (mixed-method) study, the competency components of the managers were identified by using library method, interviews with experts, and a researcher-made questionnaire. The questionnaire was completed in three Delphi rounds by 31 experts. Results: Three dimensions of competency included human competence (ranked first with a mean of 4.316), technical competency (ranked second with a mean of 4.310) and perceptual-conceptual competency (ranked third with a mean of 4.252). Also, 13 competence components were identified, including problem solving and diagnosis skills, knowledge of effective environmental factors, familiarity with related technical knowledge, self-management, behavioral competence, knowledge of human resources, organizational intelligence, motivation and spirit to serve, teamwork, systemic thinking, strategic thinking, crisis management and capacity to learn from experiences. Conclusion: The competency for the managers of comprehensive health service centers in Iran has three dimensions (technical, human, and perceptual-conceptual) and 13 components.

Background: Hydatidosis is one of the most common zoonotic parasitic diseases in the world, which is also endemic in Iran. Because no seroprevalence study of Hydatidosis has been conducted in Borujerd, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the seroprevalence of hydatidosis and its associated risk factors among individuals attending comprehensive health centers in Borujerd, Iran, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted on 351 serum samples from individuals attending comprehensive health centers in Borujerd city. After obtaining informed consent and completing a questionnaire, blood samples were collected, and the presence of anti-Echinococcus granulosus IgG antibody was detected by ELISA method. Data were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Results: The findings indicated that 14 out of 351 subjects tested were positive for anti-Echinococcus antibodies, with seropositivity rates of 5.1% in men and 2.8% in women. No significant associations were observed between the presence of anti-Echinococcus antibodies and variables such as age, gender, education level, occupation, place of residence, contact with dogs, and vegetable washing practices. Conclusion: The results highlighted a notable seroprevalence of hydatidosis in Borujerd (4%), which is higher than the average of infection rate in the west of Iran. Considering the endemicity of the disease in this region and also its health importance, taking necessary measures, including hygienic slaughter of livestock, prevention of feeding dogs with contaminated intestines and viscera, and collecting stray dogs in order to control and prevent this parasitic infection.

Introduction: Inadequate health literacy will lead to an increase in mortality and disease burden, as well as an increasein healthcare costs in adults. The aim of the present study was to investigate health literacy and related factors among the clients of comprehensive health service centers in Jahrom city in 2023.Materials & Methods: The present study was an analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted on 648 people aged 30 to 65 in Jahrom city. Multi-stage sampling was used in this study. A standardized health literacy questionnaire and demographic characteristics were used to collect information. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS22 software using Chi-Square test. A significance level of p<0.05 was considered.Results: The average age of the participants was 10.48±44.68. Of the total participants, 19.3% had inadequate health literacy, 26.4% had limited health literacy, 36.6% had adequate health literacy, and 19.8% had excellent health literacy. Health literacy showed a statistically significant relationship with gender, age, marital status, education level and financial status (p<0.01).Conclusion: Health literacy was reported to be unfavorable in more than 45% of the population aged 30 to 65 in Jahrom city. Therefore, designing interventions to increase health literacy in adults based on demographic variables can help improve the health of this group of people.

Introduction: Sedentary lifestyle, poor mobility and decrease physical activity in people are considered as the consequences of mechanical life in the present century. As to the national studies, women are healthier than men in most areas. Regarding the important role of health system staff, especially health workers in the first level of referral, this study aimed to investigate the effect of education based on trans theoretical model and using the construct of stages of behavior change on the level of physical activity in female health workers of comprehensive rural health service centers in Mashhad 1 in 1398. Materials & Methods: In the present quasi-experimental study, 62 female (middle-aged) health workers working in health center number one in Mashhad were studied, of which 31 were assigned to the intervention group and 31 to the control group. Data were collected using The International Short-Term Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Marcus Questionnaire. Following data collection, the intervention group underwent educational intervention using the lecturequestion and answer method. SPSS software version 21 was used for data analysis. Results: The results showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of levels of physical activity and stages of behavior change before the training course (P> 0. 05), but a significant difference was found between the two groups following the training course. (P <0. 05). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that training using the metatheoretical model and stages of behavior change construct can improve the level of physical activity of employees to higher levels. Therefore, it can be effective in educational planning to promote physical activity behaviors in employees.